cowles



T DFFICE.

P. GOWLES AND J. A. COWLES, OF OAKFIELD, NEW YORK.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 16,717, dated March 3, 1857.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, E. P. OowLEs and J. A. CowLEs, of Oakfield, in thecounty of Genesee and State of New York, have invented a new andImproved Churn; and we do hereby declare that the following is ais ofcylindrical form and placed upon supports (a) (a) the axis of thecylinder being in a horizontal position.

B represents a shaft which runs horizontally through the body A. To oneend of this shaft radial arms (a are attached and to the inner surfacesof the arms (a beaters (b) are attached, said beaters forming rightangles with the arms. These beaters are of somewhat curved form as shownclearly in the drawing.

C represents a shaft which is placed loosely on the shaft B so that itmay rotate freely thereon and to this shaft radial arms (0) are attachedwhich have beaters (d) attached to their inner sides. The beaters (d)are also curved the same as the heaters (b) but in a reverse or oppositedirection.

The outer surfaces of the arms (a (0) are beveled or rounded on thesides facing their planes of rotation as shown at (e) (e). One end ofthe shaft B has a toothed wheel D upon it to which wheel a crank E isattached. This wheel D gears into a pinion F which is placed on theupper end of a small shaft G attached to the outer side of the body Aand rendered adjustable or capable of being moved up and down so that itmay be thrown either in or out of gear with the wheel D when desired.This adjustment is obtained by causing the lower end of the shaft G, torest upon a button G By merely turning the button aside, the shaft Grfalls, and is disengaged from the wheels H, D. On the outer end of theshaft C a toothed wheel H is placed, said wheel gearing into the pinionF. The inner end of the shaft C bears against a collar (f) on the shaftB and is kept snugly against it by a spiral spring (g) on the shaft Bbetween the two wheels D, H. A slight friction is thus produced betweenthe collar (f) and the shaft C; so that when the pinion F is disengaged,the two shafts B, C, will rotate in the same direction, for the purposesbefore described. Leakage between shafts B, and C, is also prevented bythe collar (f). A shoulder or collar is also on the outer end of theshaft C, said shoulder being kept snugly against the outer side of thebody A by a spring (2') the pressure of which may be graduated by a setscrew (j). The object of pressing the collar (72 up against the machineis to prevent leakage at the aperture through which the shaft C passes.

When the pinion F is in gear with the wheels D, H, and the shaft B isrotated the two sets of arms (a (0) with their beaters attached willrotate in opposite or reverse directions the arms and beaters formingdashers which act upon the cream. The beaters (b) (d) owing to theircurved form throw the cream from the center toward the sides of the bodyA.

We distinctly disclaim the invention of two dashers, moving in contrarydirections, and operated by geared wheels and an intermediate pinion.Examples of such an arrangement are seen in Brown & Bigelows patent,1852, and in Mansfield and Moores rejected application, 1853. But inneither of these examples, nor in any other churn with which we areacquainted, is our feature seen, of having the arms. of the dashers socurved as to draw the cream from the center of the churn, and force itagainst the sides of the machine, for the purposes set forth. WVedisclaim the use of curved arms except when thus employed and operating.Having the connecting pinion F, adjustable, in the manner and for thepurposes described, is also a new and highly valuable feature in thisdescription of churns. Without this adj ustability, itwould be almostimpossible to collect the butter. The employment of springs, (g) andsaves the necessity of stufling boxes, to prevent leakage. Thesefeatures are also new in churns, to the best of our knowledge andbelief.

e disclaim every part and feature of operating in the manner and for thepurour device, Which is seen in any other churn poses set forth.

or analogous machine. But

5 Patent,

and Wheels D and H thereon, in comblnation With springs 2' and (g)arranged and E. P. GOWLES. J. A. GOWLES.

We claim, and desire to secure by Letters- The shafts B, O, with collars(f) (h) Witnesses:

JAMES CoWLEs,

S. H. PARMELEE.

